Abstract：In the uncertain situation,the patent system has two kinds of systematic mistakes:false positives and false negatives.These characteristics of procedural rules and structural features of the patent system err consistently in favor of patent rights in cases of uncertainty.The traditional view that a false positive brings unreasonable social costs and a false negative reduces incentives for the future invention.Through the balance the risk of cost between false positives and false negatives,unilateral incentive model requires that the patentability of any patent application must satisfy the probability of patentability is greater than zero.Bilateral incentive model recognizes that taking false positives not only imposes unnecessary ex-post cost but also reduces ex ante stimulus,and then promotes the patent systematic errors to be rebalanced,leading to more stringent probability of patentability thresholds.
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