Yue Xiaoxu1, Su Jun1, Philip Shapira2,3, Xie Qijun1
1. School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China; 2. Alliance Manchester Business School,University of Manchester,Manchester M13 9PL,UK; 3. School of Public Policy,Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta GA 30332-0345,USA
Abstract:This paper develops an approach to map knowledge innovation ecosystems.As an empirical test case,the paper identifies and maps the presence of regionalized knowledge ecosystems in the artificial intelligence (AI)sector in China.The paper puts forward an analytical framework to study the knowledge innovation ecosystems in emerging technologies,and then investigates China's AI knowledge innovation ecosystems using scientometric and social network analysis methods.The paper analyzes the leading participants in the process of AI knowledge innovation in China,the regional distribution of AI knowledge innovation,and core regional knowledge innovation clusters and their formation.The results show that the broad emergence of China's AI knowledge innovation clusters is influenced by the underlying distribution of scientific and technological resources.Geographical proximity is only apparent within the same administrative regions.Regional coordinated development strategies and local innovation development policies could help regions overcome administrative boundaries,to achieve greater regional collaboration in AI knowledge innovation.
[1]MCCARTHY J.What is artificial intelligence[R].Stanford,CA:Computer Science Department,Stanford University,2007. [2]MCCARTHY J,MINSKY M L,ROCHESTER N,et al.A proposal for the dartmouth summer conference on artificial intelligence[EB/OL]. (1955-08-31)[2020-06-21].http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/dartmouth/dartmouth.pdf. [3]FELDSTEIN S.The global expansion of AI surveillance[R].Washington,DC:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,2019. [4]WIPO.WIPO technology trends 2019:artificial intelligence[R].Geneva:World Intellectual Property Organization,2019. [5]WIPO.WIPO technology trends 2019:artificial intelligence.Data collection method and clustering scheme[R].Geneva:World Intellectual Property Organization,2019. [6]LI J Z,TANG J.Report of artificial intelligence development[R].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2019. [7]ADNER R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard business review,2006,84:98-107. [8]刘娜.纳米能源的复杂创新网络研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2017. [9]XU G,HU W,QIAO Y,et al.Mapping an innovation ecosystem using network clustering and community identification:a multi-layered framework[J].Scientometrics,2020,124 (3):2057-2081. [10]CLARYSSE B,WRIGHT M,BRUNEEL J,et al.Creating value in ecosystems:crossing the chasm between knowledge and business ecosystems[J].Research policy,2014,43 (7):1164-1176. [11]OH D S,PHILLIPS F,PARK S,et al.Innovation ecosystems:a critical examination[J].Technovation,2016,54:1-6. [12]AUDRETSCH D B,FELDMAN M P.R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production[J].American economic review,1996,86 (3):630-640. [13]SAXENIAN A.Regional advantage:culture and competition in silicon valley and route 128[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1994. [14]LIANG X,LIU A M M.The evolution of government sponsored collaboration network and its impact on innovation:a bibliometric analysis in the Chinese solar PV sector[J].Research policy,2018,47 (7):1295-1308. [15]GAO J,HUANG X,ZHANG L.Comparative analysis between international research hotspots and national-level policy keywords on artificial intelligence in China from 2009 to 2018[J].Sustainability,2019,11 (23):65-74. [16]周伯柱,ADITI G.基于论文和专利分析的人工智能发展态势研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2019,41 (4),380-391. [17]耿喆,徐峰,贾晓峰.我国人工智能产业创新生态系统构建研究[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2018,33 (11):12-18. [18]李悦,苏成,贾佳,等.基于科学计量学的世界人工智能领域发展状况分析[J].计算机科学,2017,44 (12):184-187. [19]ZHOU X,HUANG L,ZHANG Y,et al.A hybrid approach to detecting technological recombination based on text mining and patent network analysis[J].Scientometrics,2019,121 (2):699-737. [20]KATZ J A.Geographical proximity and scientific collaboration[J].Scientometrics,1994,31 (1):31-33. [21]岳晓旭,袁军鹏,潘云涛,等.中国国际科技合作主导地位变迁和效度分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37 (1),3-13. [22]大连理工大学管理与经济学部.中国研发经费报告 (2018)[R].大连:大连理工大学,2019. [23]TANG L,SHAPIRA P.Regional development and interregional collaboration in the growth of nanotechnology research in China[J].Scientometrics,2011,86 (2):299-315.