Abstract：3D bioprinting of human organs is helpful for solving serious shortage of donors in human organ transplantation,which should be a legitimate donor for human organ transplantation.In order to prevent the relevant criminal activities,the right to carry out 3D bioprinting of human organs should be limited to the medical institutions and research institutes authorized by the national medical administrative agencies.The sale of 3D bioprinting of human organs should strictly prohibited,and they should not be allowed to be transplanted to normal persons to enhance their physical function,but limited to life-saving or repairing the severely damaged organs.The granting of patent rights to 3D bioprinting of human organs would violate the moral requirements of patent authorization and impair human dignity,so they should not be patentable and should not be granted patents.
[1]MURPHY S V,ATALA A.3D bioprinting of tissues and organs[J].Nature biotechnology,2014,32(8):773-785. [2]姚彬.器官打印:快速成形技术的生物医学应用[J].四川生理科学,2013(3):118-120. [3]JACOBSEN R.3-D bioprinting:not allowed or NOTA allowed[J].Chi.-Kent L.Rev.,2016,91:1117. [4]郭鹏,林慧宁.3D生物打印技术与器官移植[J].四川解剖学杂志,2015(2):34-35. [5]杨帆,杨延坤.3D打印技术在先天性心脏病诊断中的应用[J].中国介入影像与治疗学,2014(9):630. [6]VARKEY M,ATALA A.Organ bioprinting:a closer look at ethics and policies[J].Wake forest JL & pol'y,2015(5):275. [7]刘强,沈伟.3D打印人体器官可专利性研究[J].科技与法律,2015(6):1105. [8]HOWARD Wolinksy.Printing organs cell-by-cell:3-D printing is growing in popularity,but how should we regulate the application of this new technology to heal care[R].2014,15 EMBO REP.836,838. [9]E U.Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the Legal Protection of biotechnological inventions[Z].art.2(1). [10]LI P H.3D bioprinting technologies:patents,innovation and access[J].Law,innovation and technology,2014,6(2):282-304. [11]中华人民共和国卫生部.生物制品管理规定(1993)[Z].1993:第2条. [12]中华人民共和国人体器官移植条例(2007)[Z].2007. [13]U.S.,42U.S.C[Z].§274e(2007). [14]ANDREW Armstrong.3D Printed Human Organs and the Debate on Applicable Patent Law[EB/OL].(2015-10-7)[2017-01-06].http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2015/10/07/3d-printed-human-organs-and-the-debate-on-applicable-patent-law/id=62307/. [15]SARAH Takushi.Patenting 3D Printed Organs[EB/OL].(2014-05-31)[2017-01-08].http://guardianlv.com/2014/05/patenting-3d-printed-organs/. [16]行业动态.打印或将彻底改造整个器官移植医疗过程[J].塑料科技,2016(4):85. [17]ABBOT C.Bridging the gap-non-state actors and the challenges of regulating new technology[J].Journal of law and society,2012,39(3):329-358. [18]谢忱.认知增强技术的伦理审视[J].牡丹江大学学报,2012(7):56-58. [19]TRAN J L.To bioprint or not to bioprint[J].NCJL & Tech.,2015(17):123. [20]中华人民共和国体育法(2009)[Z].2009:第34条. [21]毛新志,李旭.3D生物打印技术的伦理思考[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016(3):430-431. [22]HOWARD D J,LAIRD F N.The new normal in funding university science[J].Issues in science and technology,2013,30(1):71-76.[23]TRAN Jasper L.Patenting Bioprinting(May 7,2015).Harvard Journal of Law and Technology Digest,2015 symposium.[EB/OL].[2017-02-01].https://ssrn.com/abstract=2603693. [24]MINSSEN T,MIMLER M.Patenting bioprinting-technologies in the US and Europe-the 5th element in the 3rd dimension[J].Social science electronic publishing,2016:15. [25]LEAKY-Smith.America Invents Act[Z].§33(a)(2012). [26]中华人民共和国专利法(2008)[Z].2008:第5条. [27]国家知识产权局.专利审查指南(2010)[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2010. [28]E U,Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the Legal Protection of biotechnological inventions[Z].art.5. [29]Association for Molecular Pathology v.Myriad[Z].133 S.Ct.2017,2109-2110(2013).
2018, 
