Abstract:International emission trading is an economic mechanism for collective action on global climate governance.The new international emission trading mechanisms(the new mechanisms)have been set up in the Paris Agreement.The new mechanisms have a few uncertainties on the modalities and structures,since that it is unclear about the connotation of the “mitigation outcome”and the applicable conditions of the international transferred mitigation outcome(ITMO),also because of the vagueness of the relationship between the ITMO and the new baseline-and-credit mechanism,as well as the pending of the modalities of the baseline.However,some new trends of the new mechanisms could still be inferred from the rules of the Paris Agreement,and the disagreements among the contracting parties.The absence of the legal basis for international emission rights,the diversification of mitigation outcome,and the decentralization of its generation process reveals the demise of the international emissions trading mechanism.The sectoral crediting mechanism is proposed and backed by more parties,and the modality of baseline-and-credit is changing.Under this occasion,China has burdened the pressure to strive for the economic interests of carbon trading,facing the risks and opportunities about linking the carbon market,and rules and institutions challenges of the sectoral crediting mechanism.China should gradually explore the carbon market linkage after a robust and sound national carbon trading regime has been set up.
党庶枫, 曾文革. 《巴黎协定》碳交易机制新趋向对中国的挑战与因应[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2019(1): 181-188.
Dang Shufeng, Zeng Wenge. New Trends of Carbon Trading Mechanism in Paris Agreement and China's Challenge and Response. , 2019(1): 181-188.
[1]Liechtenstein,Mexico,Monaco,Switzerland.Submission on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement[EB/OL].(2017-03-21)[2017-11-14].http:www4.unfccc.int/sites/SubmissionPortal/Documents/201_318_131345583587560948-170321_Market_FINAL.pdf. [2]AILCA.Submission by Costa on behalf of the AILAC group of countries[EB/OL].(2016-10-01)[2017-11-14].http:www4.unfccc.int/sites/SubmissionPortal/Documents/233_262_131197565832900819-160930%20AILAC%20Submission%20Article%206%202016.pdf. [3]Singapore's views on article 6 of the Paris agreement.[EB/OL].(2016-11-09)[2017-11-14].http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/SubmissionPortal/Documents/46_262_131231757894515641-Singapore's%20Views%20on%20Article%206%20of%20the%20Paris%20Agreement.pdf. [4]AOSIS.Submission to the Articles 6.2 and 6.4 of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of the Maldives on behalf of the AOSIS.[EB/OL].(2017-05-03)[2017-11-14].http:www4.unfccc.int/sites/SubmissionPortal/Documents/167_318_131382305846319606-AOSIS_Submission_Art%206%202%20and%206%204%20of%20%20PA.27.04.2017.FINAL.pdf. [5]MARTINA B,JANE E.Exploring options for “sectoral crediting mechanisms”[R].OECD/IEA,COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2005)1.2005. [6]NICOLAS K,LUKAS H.Robust transfers of mitigation outcomes[R].JIKO Policy Paper 02/2016:5. [7]Guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6,paragraph 2,of the Paris Agreement.[EB/OL].(2017-11-06)[2018-01-16].http:unfccc.int/files/meetings/bonn_nov_2017/application/pdf/sbsta47_rt_6.2_cf_informal_document_11a.pdf. [8]潘家华.碳排放交易体系的构建、挑战与市场拓展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(8):2. [9]DANIEL K,MARÍA P C,et al.The Paris Agreement on climate change:analysis and commentary[M].London:Oxford Public International Law,2017:95-98. [10]JANE E,SAMI K.Overcoming Barriers to clean development mechanism projects[R].COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2007)3.2007:11. [11]KATIA K.Joint implementation:current issues and emerging challenges[R].OECD/IEA.COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2006)7.2006:10-11. [12]安东尼·吉登斯.气候变化的政治[M].曹荣湘,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社.2009:212-213. [13]LARRY L.Carbon trading:a critical conversation on climate change,privatization and power[M].Uppsala:Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation,2006:220-221. [14]ANDREW P,GREGORY B.Crossing the Threshold:Ambitious Baselines for the UNFCCC New Market-Based Mechanism[R].OECD/IEA.COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2012)2.2012. [15]JOËLLE S,ANDREAS T.New Market-based Mechanisms post-2012:Institutional Options and Governance Challenges when Establishing a Sectoral Crediting Mechanism.[J/OL].(2011-09-30)[2017-12-04].SSRN:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1935802 [16]Brazil.Views of Brazil on the process related to the rules for the mechanism established by article 6,paragraph 4,of the paris agreement[EB/OL].(2017-03-31)[2017-12-04].http://www4.unfccc.int/Submissions/Lists/OSPSubmissionUpload/525_270_131198656711178821-BRAZIL%20-%20Article%206.4%20final.pdf. [17]AOSIS.Submission by Nauru on behalf of the AOSIS.[EB/OL].(2013-11-12)[2017-12-05].https://unfccc.int/files/cooperation_support/market_and_non-market_mechanisms/application/pdf/nmm_aosis_12112013.pdf. [18]The EU.Views on a framework for various approaches,Submissions from Parties,paper.no.5.FCCC/SBSTA/2013/MISC.11[EB/OL].(2013-03-19)[2017-10-07].http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/sbsta/eng/misc11.pdf. [19]MATTHEW P.Who and what are carbon markets for?Politics and the development of climate policy[J].Climate policy,2001(12):82-97. [20]林春元.气候变迁:全球行政法的演变、形貌与影响[M].台北:台大出版中心.2017:104. [21]崔金星.中国碳交易法律促导机制研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012(8):33-34. [22]王卉彤.应对全球气候变化的金融创新[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社.2008:202. [23]FEMKE J.Towards a global carbon market risks of linking the EU ETS to other carbon markets[R].Carbon Market Watch.2015:7. [24]ANDREAS T,MICHAEL M,et al.Linking carbon markets:concepts,case studies and pathways[J].Climate policy.2009(9):344. [25]李继峰.电价管制对我国碳市场运行效率的定量测算.经济预测部.[EB/OL].(2015-08-20)[2018-06-27].http://www.sic.gov.cn/News/459/5122.htm [26]吴士健,孙向彦,等.双重治理体制下政府碳排放监管博弈分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(12):22. [27]CHRIS B.Xi Jinping is set for a big gamble with China's carbon trading market[EB/OL].(2017-06-23)[2017-12-09]The New York Times.https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/23/world/asia/china-cap-trade-carbon-greenhouse.html.