Abstract:This paper introduces structural contradiction into the research of the reform of the science and technology system,demonstrates the conceptual connotation and internal logic of structural contradiction in the science and technology system,reveals the external representation of the science and technology system from the aspects of the mechanism constraints of science and technology supply,overall efficiency,supply and demand docking,source of innovation,key links,and factor inputs.Then it finally proposes a reform route that we should solve the structural contradiction of the science and technology system through high-quality science and technology supply.