Abstract：Starting from the three major innovation groups of basic research,applied research,and experimental development,as well as the three major innovation bodies of enterprises,R&D institutions,and universities,this paper uses methods including kernel density estimation,Dagum Gini coefficient,and Moran index to analyze the scale and structure of heterogeneous R&D personnel in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities)during 2010—2019.The results show the followings.①In the past ten years,there has been an inflection point in the direction of changes in the proportion of basic and applied R&D personnel,the trend of imbalance has intensified,and the regional scale difference is much higher than the structural difference.②The distribution of basic research and university R&D personnel shows higher sensitivity to economic factors,and R&D personnel in enterprises and experimental development tend to be clustered in geographical proximity,and this correlation is characterized by a V-shaped trend in time.③Finally,enterprises and experimental development R&D personnel have significantly coordinated in the changes of scale and structure,and the traditional role positioning of the three major innovation bodies is still relatively clear.
王高峰, 杨浩东. 中国异质性R&D人员时空分布差异比对研究[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2022(3): 120-129.
Wang Gaofeng, Yang Haodong. A Comparative Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Differences of Chinese Heterogeneous R&D Personnel. , 2022(3): 120-129.
[1]马建堂,赵昌文.更加自觉地用新发展格局理论指导新发展阶段经济工作[J].管理世界,2020,36 (11):1-6,231.
[2]LI X.China's regional innovation capacity in transition:an empirical approach[J].Research policy,2009,38 (2):338-357.
[3]JIN H,YU W,GUO X,et al.Creative industries agglomeration,regional innovation and productivity growth in China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2014,24 (2):258-268.
[4]张永凯,杨亚琴,薛波.中国R&D资源配置效率的时空差异分析[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33 (2):139-144,227.
[5]易明,吴婷.R&D资源配置扭曲、TFP与人力资本的纠偏作用[J].科学学研究,2021,39 (1):42-52.
[6]TIAN X,WANG J.Research on the disequilibrium development of output of regional innovation based on R&D Personnel[J].Sustainability,2018,10 (8).
[7]LIN J Y,CAI F,LI Z.The China miracle:development strategy and economic reform[M].Hong kong:The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press,2004.
[8]ROMER M,ROMER P M.Endogenous technological change[J].NBER working Papers,1989,98 (98):71-102.
[9]李海峥,贾娜,张晓蓓,等.中国人力资本的区域分布及发展动态[J].经济研究,2013,48 (7):49-62.
[10]KARAHASAN B C,LóPEZ-BAZO E.The spatial distribution of human capital:can it really be explained by regional differences in market access[J].International regional science review,2013,36 (4):451-480.
[11]张宽,黄凌云.中国人力资本结构的时空演变特征研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2020,37 (12):66-88.
[12]DOMS M,LEWIS E,ROBB A.Local labor force education,new business characteristics,and firm performance[J].Journal of urban economics,2010,67 (1):61-77.
[13]MAHROUM S.Highly skilled globetrotters:mapping the international migration of human capital[J].R&D Management,2010,30 (1):23-32.
[14]BLUNDELL R W,DIAS M C,MEGHIR C,et al.Female labour supply,human capital and welfare reform[J].Econometrica,2016,84 (5):1705-1753.
[15]洪伟.后默顿时代科学社会学述评[J].科学与社会,2012,2 (3):37-59.
[16]李艾丹.科研团队创新网络的演进、偏好与仿真研究[J].中国科技论坛,2020 (2):133-138.
[17]FREEMAN C.Technology,policy,and economic performance:lessons from Japan[M].London:Pinter Publishers,1987.
[18]LUNDVALL,B.National innovation systems:towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning[M].London:Pinter Publishers,1992.
[19]李正风,曾国屏.创新研究的 “系统范式”[J].自然辩证法通讯,1999 (5):29-34.
[20]曾国屏,苟尤钊,刘磊.从 “创新系统”到 “创新生态系统”[J].科学学研究,2013,31 (1):4-12.
[21]朱迪·埃斯特琳.美国创新在衰退[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010.
[22]PIQUE J M,BERBEGAL-MIRABENT J,ETZKOWITZ H.Triple Helix and the evolution of ecosystems of innovation:the case of Silicon Valley[J].Triple Helix,2018,5 (1):1-22.
[23]何郁冰.产学研协同创新的理论模式[J].科学学研究,2012,30 (2):165-174.
[24]BONACCORSI A,DARAIO C.Universities and strategic knowledge creation:specialization and performance in Europe[M].Cleltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing,2007.
[25]VAN B C,BERGHÄLL E,POOT T.R&D internationalization,R&D collaboration and public knowledge institutions in small economies:evidence from Finland and the Netherlands[J].Research policy,2008,37 (2):294-308.
[26]LEHNERT P,PFISTER C,BACKES-GELLNER U.Employment of R&D personnel after an educational supply shock:effects of the introduction of Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland[J].Labour economics,2020,66:101883.
[27]沈宏婷,陆玉麒.中国省域R&D投入的区域差异及时空格局演变[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24 (6):917-924.
[28]尹志欣,谢荣艳.中国顶尖科技人才现状及特征研究——以汤森路透2015高被引科学家为例[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34 (1):136-140.
[29]古恒宇,沈体雁.中国高学历人才的空间演化特征及驱动因素[J].地理学报,2021,76 (2):326-340.
[30]刘晔,王若宇,薛德升,等.中国高技能劳动力与一般劳动力的空间分布格局及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2019,38 (8):1949-1964.
[31]李婧,产海兰.中国R&D人员流动的空间分布及其影响因素分析[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30 (4):94-104.
[32]李永盛,张祥建,赵晓雷.中国环境信息公开的时空演化特征及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2020,30 (3):106-114.
2022, 
