创新过程视角下的上海科技政策变迁

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摘要完整的科技创新过程包括创新环境创设、创新发现、创新活动资助与支持、创新活动管理、创新成果评价、创新成果转化与应用共六个价值创造环节。当前,关于不同环节的科技政策供给分布情况的实证研究暂付阙如。基于政策主体、创新环节和政策对象三个属性,对上海市1978年以来的科技政策进行逐条编码,并构建2模社会网络,分析各职能部门在科技治理格局中的角色变迁、注意力分配以及协同关系衍变历程。结果显示:科技治理的核心首先从市政府转向科委,随后科委“一家独大”,最后科委的中心性减弱,科委、财政局与市政府共同形成“铁三角”的核心治理结构。创新环境创设始终是上海市科技政策供给的重点环节,而创新成果评价、成果转化与应用两个环节的政策供给相对薄弱。1985年至今,企业始终是上海科技政策关注的主要对象。

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	李杨

关键词 ：科技政策, 社会网络, 政策主体, 创新环节, 政策对象

Abstract：The whole process of science and technology(S&T)innovation includes six value creation parts named as creation of innovation environment, discovery of innovation, funding and support of innovation activities, management of innovation activities, evaluation of innovation achievements, transformation and application of innovation achievements.At present, there are few empirical researches on the supply distribution of S&T policies in different parts.Based on the three policy attributes of subject, innovation link and object, the S&T policy texts published by Shanghai authorities since 1978 are coded.Based on the result of coding, the 2-mode social networks are constructed to analyze the role changes, attention distribution and coordination evolution of government departments of Shanghai during S&T governance.According to the result, firstly, the core of S&T governance transferred from the Municipal Government(MG)to the Scientific and Technological Committee(STC), then the STC became the only dominant, and finally the centrality of the STC weakened, and the STC, the Municipal Bureau of Finance and the MG constitute the core structure of the“iron triangle”of S&T governance.Creation of innovation environment has always been the focus part of S&T policy supply, but the policy supply in evaluation of innovation result, the transformation and the application of innovation achievement have always been relatively lacking.Since 1985, enterprises have always been the main object of Shanghai's science and technology policy.

Key words： Science and technology policy Social network Policy subject Innovation part Policy object

收稿日期: 2022-05-19

PACS:

C931

基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“华东师范大学2022年优秀博士生学术创新能力提升计划项目”(YBNLTS2022-025),上海市科技创新行动计划软科学研究重点项目“完善科技创新治理体系的体制机制改革重点问题研究”(20692117100)。

作者简介: 李杨(1993—),男,满族,河北承德人,华东师范大学公共管理学院博士研究生,研究方向为科技治理、科技政策。

引用本文:

李杨. 创新过程视角下的上海科技政策变迁[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2023(4): 1-15.
Li Yang. Science and Technology Policy Changes in Shanghai from the Perspective of Innovation Process. , 2023(4): 1-15.

链接本文:

http://www.zgkjlt.org.cn/CN/Y2023/I4/1