China's Practice of Industrializing Autonomous Driving in the Context of Intelligent Transformation
Huo Zhifang1, Liu Gang1,2
1. School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China; 2. China Academy of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Strategy,Tianjin 300071,China
Abstract：Autonomous driving is a transformative force in today's transportation society.As a typical scenario for the concentrated application of artificial intelligence technology,autonomous driving possesses a“dual”nature of both technology and society.Its industrialization process is fundamentally a co-construction process of technology and social factors.Based on relationship data from 175 intelligent connected vehicle companies and questionnaire data from 819 real-world social experiments on autonomous driving,a systematic analysis was conducted on the formation mechanism and theoretical logic of China's autonomous driving industrialization practice.The research indicates that,under the high environmental embeddedness of autonomous driving,it is embedded in China's complex road environment on one hand and China's unique social environment on the other hand.This necessitates changes to the technology roadmap with a focus on single-vehicle intelligence.Ultimately,through a series of complementary technological innovations and collaborative innovation efforts among diverse innovation actors,the development path of intelligent connected vehicles with vehicle-road coordination at its core has become the practical choice for the industrialization of autonomous driving in China.
霍治方, 刘刚. 智能化转型背景下自动驾驶产业化的中国实践[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2024(7): 95-109.
Huo Zhifang, Liu Gang. China's Practice of Industrializing Autonomous Driving in the Context of Intelligent Transformation. , 2024(7): 95-109.
[1]喻思南.迈上自动驾驶“智高点”[N].人民日报,2023-02-20(19). [2]朱光烈.我国道路交通安全现状、成因及其对策[J].交通世界,2020(10):116-117. [3]张辉,梁正.自动驾驶“单车智能”模式的发展困境与应对[J].齐鲁学刊,2021(6):81-89. [4]CLARK H,FENG J.Age differences in the takeover of vehicle control and engagement in non-driving-related activities in simulated driving with conditional automation[J].Accident Analysis & Prevention,2017,106:468-479. [5]KONIG M,NEUMAYR L.Users'resistance towards radical innovations:the case of the self-driving car[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2017,44:42-52. [6]FAGNANT D J,KOCKELMAN K.Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles:opportunities,barriers and policy recommendations[J].Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2015,77:167-181. [7]MERSKY A C,SAMARAS C.Fuel economy testing of autonomous vehicles[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2016,65:31-48. [8]ZHU L,GONDER J,BJARKVIK E,et al.An automated vehicle fuel economy benefits evaluation framework using real-world travel and traffic data[J].IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine,2019,11(3):29-41. [9]孙喜,马小漫.理解创新过程与创新系统的社会属性:基于机床工业的比较案例研究[J].自然辩证法通讯,2023,45(3):109-119. [10]BRESNAHAN T F,TRAJTENBERG M.General purpose technologies“Engines of growth”[J].Journal of Econometrics,1995,65(1):83-108. [11]LIPSEY R G,CARLAW K I,BEKAR C T.Economic transformations:general purpose technologies and long-term economic growth[M].Oxford:Oup Oxford,2005. [12]HELPMAN E.General purpose technologies and economic growth[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1998. [13]安筱鹏.“全球产业技术革命视野下的信息化与工业化融合”之二:基于通用目的技术的能量转换工具的智能化信息化与工业化融合的物质基础[J].中国信息界,2008(3):28-31. [14]蔡跃洲,张钧南.信息通信技术对中国经济增长的替代效应与渗透效应[J].经济研究,2015,50(12):100-114. [15]BEKAR C,CARLAW K,LIPSEY R.General purpose technologies in theory,application and controversy:a review[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2018,28:1005-1033. [16]CARLAW K I,LIPSEY R G.Externalities,technological complementarities and sustained economic growth[J].Research Policy,2002,31(8/9):1305-1315. [17]尹西明,王新悦,陈劲,等.贝壳找房:自我颠覆的整合式创新引领产业数字化[J].清华管理评论,2021,(Z1):118-128. [18]尹西明,苏雅欣,陈劲,等.场景驱动的创新:内涵特征、理论逻辑与实践进路[J].科技进步与对策,2022,39(15):1-10. [19]朱志华.场景驱动创新:科技与经济融合的加速器[J].科技与金融,2021(7):63-66. [20]陈劲.加强推动场景驱动的企业增长[J].清华管理评论,2021(6):1. [21]PINCH T J,BIJKER W E.The social construction of facts and artifacts:or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other[J].Social Studies of Science,1984,14(3):399-441. [22]BAUCHSPIES W K,CROISSANT J,RESTIVO S.Science,technology,and society:a sociological approach[M].Hoboken:Wiley,2006. [23]OUDSHOORN N,PINCH T.How users matter:the co-construction of users and technology[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,2003. [24]HUGHES T P,PINCH T J,BIJKER W E.The social construction of technological systems:new directions in the sociology and history of technology[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,2012. [25]MILAKIS D,MULLER S.The societal dimension of the automated vehicles transition:towards a research agenda[J].Cities,2021,113:103-144. [26]卡尔·波兰尼.大转型:我们时代的政治与经济起源[M].冯钢,刘阳,译.北京:当代世界出版社,2020. [27]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510. [28]LONDON T,HART S L.Reinventing strategies for emerging markets:beyond the transnational model[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2004,35(5):350-370. [29]HAGEDOORN J.Understanding the cross-level embeddedness of interfirm partnership formation[J].Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):670-680. [30]ZUKIN S,DIMAGGIO P.Structures of capital:the social organization of the economy[M].Cambridge:CUP Archive,1990. [31]李欣哲,鲁晓.国内外科技人才研究领域合作网络及主题分析[J].科学学研究,2023,41(9):1570-1580,1728. [32]刘刚,靳中辉.中国智能经济的全球创新网络及其演化机制[J].河北经贸大学学报,2022,43(1):33-45. [33]李云新,程颖.重嵌:乡贤治理形成的社会网络机制分析[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2023,37(2):130-140. [34]FREEMAN C.Networks of innovators:a synthesis of research issues[J].Research Policy,1991,20(5):499-514. [35]简斯·贝克尔特,叶鹏飞.经济社会学与嵌入性:对“经济行动”的理论抽象[J].经济社会体制比较,2004(6):85-95. [36]RIGBY D,ZOOK C.Open-market innovation[J].Harvard Business Review,2002,80(10):80-93. [37]DAS T K,TENG B S.A resource-based theory of strategic alliances[J].Journal of Management,2000,26(1):31-61. [38]唐承辉,张衔春.全球城市区域合作网络结构演变——以粤港澳大湾区为例[J].经济地理,2022,42(2):25-34. [39]王婧,杜广杰.中国城市绿色创新空间关联网络及其影响效应[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2021,31(5):21-27. [40]孙笑明,刘偲,苏屹,等.预研情境下关键研发者创新绩效提升——知识网络与合作网络的组合视角[J].管理评论,2023,35(2):135-146. [41]黄诒蓉,白羽轩.网络传染是“真羊群”还是“伪羊群”——网络传染程度对资本市场定价效率的影响[J].中国管理科学,2021,29(9):12-24. [42]牟春雪,楚向红.大数据嵌入市域社会治理:内在机理、运作逻辑与保障路径[J].贵州社会科学,2022(7):133-141. [43]李形,袁小荃.读懂中国的过去、现在与未来:基于“嵌入性”理论视阈的结构性阐释[J].人民论坛,2023(19):38-44. [44]苏竣,魏钰明,黄萃.社会实验:人工智能社会影响研究的新路径[J].中国软科学,2020(9):132-140. [45]VARGO S L,AKAKA M A,WIELAND H.Rethinking the process of diffusion in innovation:a service-ecosystems and institutional perspective[J].Journal of Business Research,2020,116:526-534. [46]RAM S,SHETH J N.Consumer resistance to innovations:the marketing problem and its solutions[J].Journal of Consumer Marketing,1989,6(2):5-14. [47]HARDMAN S,BERLINER R,TAL G.Who will be the early adopters of automated vehicles? Insights from a survey of electric vehicle owners in the United States[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2019,71:248-264. [48]李振龙,邢冠仰,李佳,等.基于扩展TAM的车路协同系统驾驶人接受度研究[J].中国公路学报,2021,34(7):188-200. [49]SHABANPOUR R,GOLSHANI N,SHAMSHIRIPOUR A,et al.Eliciting preferences for adoption of fully automated vehicles using best-worst analysis[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2018,93:463-478. [50]CAIRNS S,HARMER C,HOPKIN J,et al.Sociological perspectives on travel and mobilities:a review[J].Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2014,63:107-117. [51]闫晓霞.自动驾驶技术公众接受度影响因素研究[D].太原:山西财经大学,2021. [52]KACPERSKI C,KUTZNER F,VOGEL T.Consequences of autonomous vehicles:ambivalent expectations and their impact on acceptance[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2021,81:282-294. [53]BUCKLEY L,KAYE S A,PRADHAN A K.Psychosocial factors associated with intended use of automated vehicles:a simulated driving study[J].Accident Analysis & Prevention,2018,115:202-208. [54]杜海峰,李树茁,MARCUS W F,等.小世界网络与无标度网络的社区结构研究[J].物理学报,2007,(12):6886-6893. [55]李克强.“中国方案”智能网联汽车发展思路[J].智能网联汽车,2020(3):44-47. [56]苏庆义.中美经贸关系:“脱钩”与重构交织[J].世界知识,2023(5):21-23.
2024, 
