The Growth Characteristics of Strategic Scientists ——A Study Based on Member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
Zou Xinran1,2, Feng Xun1,2, Dong Yu1,2
1. National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;
2. Department of Information Resources Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
Abstract:Based on the theory of talent ecology,this study builds an indicator system for the growth characteristics of strategic scientists.Taking the member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology(PCAST)as examples,it comprehensively adopts CV analysis,grounded theory and case study to analyze the growth characteristics of strategic scientists from five dimensions including personality,educational background,career experience,family environment and era background.The results show that strategic scientists have a strong sense of scientific mission,a complex educational background,top academic achievements,excellent leadership and organizational ability,and cross-border career experience.And their growth is influenced by the specific context of the era.On this basis,the paper puts forward some suggestions on the cultivation and use of strategic scientists in China,including building a“reservoir”of strategic scientists,creating talent echelon conducive to the growth of strategic scientists,and improving the long-term mechanism for the cultivation and use of strategic scientists.
邹欣然, 冯迅, 董瑜. 战略科学家成长特征研究——以美国总统科技顾问委员会成员为例[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2025(2): 168-179.
Zou Xinran, Feng Xun, Dong Yu. The Growth Characteristics of Strategic Scientists ——A Study Based on Member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. , 2025(2): 168-179.
[1]冯粲,童杨,闫金定.关于培养使用战略科学家的思考:基于中外100位战略科学家的履历分析[J].科技导报,2022,40(16):38-45.
[2]黄军英.美国联邦科技决策咨询的作用及典型案例研究[J].中国科技论坛,2018(2):163-168.
[3]王运红.充分发挥战略科学家的引领作用[J].中国人才,2021(12):16-18.
[4]余仲华.关于战略科学家概念界定的思考[J].中国科技人才,2022(6):46-50.
[5]孙昌璞.战略科学家培育之我见[J].科技导报,2022,40(16):18-26.
[6]谭红军,郭传杰,霍国庆.战略科学家领导力研究[J].科学学研究,2011,29(10):1441-1448.
[7]HOPPE R.Scientific advice and public policy: Expert advisers'and policymakers'discourses on boundary work[J].Poiesis & Praxis,2009,6:235-263.
[8]陈培浩.战略科学家的成长阶梯和创新路径研究[J].创新,2013,7(6):10-13.
[9]瞿群臻,高思玉,牛萍.中国战略科技人才成长阶段流动规律研究——以281名中国工程院院士为例[J].中国科技论坛,2023(3):104-114.
[10]瞿群臻,高思玉,汪鹏飞,等.基于生存分析视角的战略科学家成长路径研究[J].中国科技论坛,2022(7):157-166.
[11]姜玉平.钱学森——杰出的战略科学家[J].科技导报,2022,40(16):72-81.
[12]胡艳,杨志宏,张奚若.生命历程理论视角下战略科学家的成长轨迹及机制——以应用光学专家王大珩为例[J].科技导报,2022,40(16):82-89.
[13]王汝发,王鼎.战略科学家的成材之路对当代教育的启示——以钱伟长院士为例[J].中国高校科技,2014(4):36-38.
[14]黄涛,樊艳萍.“两弹一星”功勋科学家的成长成才启示[J].中国人才,2021(12):12-15.
[15]王昉,申金升,武虹,等.战略科学家典型特征量化评估:探索与实证研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(10):1475-1489.
[16]GSER M,WIMMER S,SAUER J.Research excellence and scientific advisory boards[J].Science and Public Policy,2023,50(6):1044-1058.
[17]GLUCKMAN P.Policy: The art of science advice to government[J].Nature,2014,507(7491):163-165.
[18]SPRUIJT P,KNOL A B,VASILEIADOU E,et al.Roles of scientists as policy advisers on complex issues:A literature review[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2014,40:16-25.
[19]SMITH B L R.The advisers: Scientists in the policy process[M].Washington: Brookings Institution Press,2010.
[20]Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University.Science advice to the president and the role of the president's council of advisors on science and technology: Membership,activities,and impact in the last four administrations[R].Houston,2018.
[21]SUPER D E.The psychology of careers:An introduction to vocational development[M].New York: Harper & Brothers,1957.
[22]方勇,邵振权,冯勇.国家杰出青年科学基金项目负责人成长特征研究:基于学术生命周期理论与数据分析[J].中国高校科技,2021(7):28-33.
[23]王通讯.人才成长的八大规律[J].决策与信息,2006(5):53-54.
[24]EARLE H A.Building a workplace of choice: Using the work environment to attract and retain top talent[J].Journal of Facilities Management,2003,2(3):244-257.
[25]张一方.人才生态学与中国荣获诺贝尔奖的可能途径[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(7):59-61.
[26]沈邦仪.关于人才生态学的几个基本概念[J].人才开发,2003(12):22-23.
[27]高瑞,王彬.中国杰出青年科技人才的成长过程及特征:基于“科学探索奖”获得者的履历分析[J].科学管理研究,2022,40(2):139-146.
[28]任真,张雅洁.国际科技组织主席与副主席中方任职人员履历分析及其启示[J].中国科技论坛,2023(7):170-178.
[29]李淑敏,王永伟.STS领域杰出人才的特征分析——以贝尔纳奖获得者为例[J].自然辩证法通讯,2021,43(7):100-107.
[30]万劲波,谢光锋,林慧,等.典型国家科技创新决策与咨询制度比较研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(6):601-611.
[31]李宏,马梧桐.美国总统科技顾问委员会的运行机制及对我国的启示[J].智库理论与实践,2016,1(2):108-113.
[32]DERVAN P B.Ahmed H.Zewail(1946—2016)[J].Science,2016,353(6304): 1103-1103.
[33]王作跃.在卫星的阴影下:美国总统科学顾问委员会与冷战中的美国[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
[34]荷马·A.尼尔,托宾·L.史密斯,珍妮弗·B.麦考密克.超越斯普尼克:21世纪美国的科学政策[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2017.
[35]陈泽艺,张志辉.美国总统科学顾问委员会的科技政策分析与现实借鉴[J].中国科技论坛,2018(5):173-179.
[36]樊春良.美国是怎样成为世界科技强国的[EB/OL].(2019-05-31)[2024-05-31].https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/csc_phone/kqkd29/kjyq1/20958/index.html.
[37]樊春良.建立全球领先的科学技术创新体系——美国成为世界科技强国之路[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(5):509-519.
[38]陈学飞.美国高教史上若干关键性决策及其影响和启示[J].高等教育研究,1993(3):80-88.
[39]高金锋.二战后美国基础教育改革价值取向的演变与启示[J].教育评论,2021(3):162-168.